• Ph D, Endocrinology, University of Colorado, 1987
• MA, Reproductive Biology, University of Colorado, 1982
• BS, Wildlife Biology, Colorado State University, 1978

• South Dakota Department of Health Controlled Substance Certificate, South Dakota Department of Health
• Bridges: Building a Supportive Community (USD), University of South Dakota and LawRoom

• Sex Differences in the Neurobiological Significance of Orexin Stress Signaling , National Institute of Mental Health (proposal number R15 MH125306-01A1), (2021 - 2024)
• Designer Receptor Activation of Female Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Response, Center for Brain and Behavioral Research, (2020 - Present)
• Amygdalar Orexin Modulation of Affective Disorders, National Institutes of Health (proposal number 1 R15 MH104485-01A1), (2015 - 2020)
• Amygdalar Endocannabinoid Modulation of Anxiety, Center for Brain and Behavioral Research, (2014 - 2016)
• DISSERTATION RESEARCH: A New Model of Fear Conditioning , National Science Foundation, (2009 - 2010)
• Stress - Is it More than a Disease , National Institutes of Health, (2000 - 2001)
• Stress - Is it More than a Disease? A Comparative Look at Stress and Adaptation, National Science Foundation, (2000 - 2001)

Citations listed below are presented in a standardized, modified format for display purposes only. They do not necessarily reflect the preferred style and conventions of the faculty member or discipline.

• Krupp, Kevin K., Yaeger, Jazmine J., Ledesma, Leighton L., Withanage, Miyuraj M., Gale, J. J., Howe, Chase C., Allen, Trevor T., Sathyanesan, Monica, Newton, Samuel S., and Summers, Cliff C.. Single administration of a psychedelic [(R)-DOI] influences coping strategies to an escapable social stress., 1-15. Vol. 252, Iss. 109949 Neuropharmacology/Elsevier, 2024. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109949)
• Summers, Cliff C.. The Cat Died. Livingston, Alabama: The Sucarnochee Review, 2024.
• Summers, Cliff C.. Identifying the Absurd: The Stressful Art of Storytelling in Neuroscience. In Published Harrington Lectures, 1-39. Vol. 70 Vermillion SD: College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Dakota, 2023.
• Nordman, Jacob, Ball, Kevin, and Summers, Cliff. The impact of chronic stress on neuroplasticity and abnormal behavior. In The Impact of Chronic Stress on Neuroplasticity and Abnormal Behavior, editors Rainer Spanagel, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Vol. 17, Iss. 1208351 Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2023. (DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1208351)
• Carpenter, Russ R., Sabirzhanov, Boris, Summers, Tangi T., Clark, Timothy T., Keifer, Joyce, and Summers, Cliff. Anxiolytic reversal of classically conditioned / chronic stress-induced gene expression and learning in the Stress Alternatives Model. Iss. 114258 Behavioural Brain Research/Elsevier, 2023. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114258)
• Yaeger, Jazmine J., Krupp, Kevin K., Summers, Tangi T., and Summers, Cliff. Contextual generalization of social stress learning is modulated by orexin receptors in basolateral amygdala, 1-12. Vol. 215, Iss. 109168 Neuropharmacology/Elsevier, 2022. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109168)
• Yaeger, Jazmine J., Krupp, Kevin K., Jacobs, Benjamin B., Onserio, Benard B., Meyerink, Brandon B., Cain, Jacob J., Ronan, Patrick P., Renner, Kennety K., DiLeone, Ralph R., and Summers, Cliff C.. Orexin 1 Receptor Antagonism in the Basolateral Amygdala Shifts the Balance from Pro- to Anti-stress Signaling and Behavior, 841-852. Vol. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.12.019, Iss. 91 (9) Biological Psychiatry, 2022. (DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.12.019)
• Keifer, Joyce, and Summers, Cliff C.. The Neuroscience Community has a role in environmental conservation, 1-5. Vol. 8 ENEURO.0454-20.2021, Iss. 2 eNeuro, 2021. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0454-20.2021)
• Pang, Terence, Yaeger, Jazmine J., Summers, Cliff, and Mitra, Rupshi. Cardinal role of the environment in stress induced changes across life stages and generations, 137-150. Vol. 124 Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2021. (DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.012)
• Korzan, Wayne W., Summers, Tangi T., and Summers, Cliff C.. Neural and endocrine responses to social stress differ during actual and virtual aggressive interactions or physiolgical sign stimuli, 1-10. Vol. 182, Iss. 104294 Biological Processes , 2021.
• Yaeger, Jazmine J., Krupp, Kevin K., Gale, Jason J., and Summers, Cliff C.. Counterbalanced microcircuits for Orx1 and Orx2 regulation of stress reactivity. In Orexin/Hypocretin 21 Years On: Pharmacology, Physiology and Drug Discovery, 1-20. Vol. 100059, Iss. VSI: Orexin/Hypocretin Beijing: Medicine in Drug Discovery/Elsevier, 2020. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100059)
• Summers, Cliff C., Yaeger, Jazmine J., Staton, Clarissa C., Arendt, David D., and Summers, Tangi T.. Orexin/hypocretin receptor modulation of anxiolytic and antidepressive responses during social stress and decision-making: potential for therapy, 146085: 1-15. Vol. 1731 Brain Research, 2020.
• Robertson, James J., Cahlander-Mooers, Alex A., Summers, Cliff C., and Dixon, Mark. Population Condition of Populus x smithii, a Pleistocene Relict Aspen of the Niobrara River Valley, Nebraska, USA, 286-296. Vol. 39, Iss. 3 Natural Areas Journal, 2019.
• Staton, Clarissa C., Yaeger, Jazmine J., Khalid, Delan D., Haroun, Fadi F., Fernandez, Belissa B., Fernandez, Jessica J., Summers, Bali B., Summers, Tangi T., Sathyanesan, Monica M., Newton, Samuel S., and Summers, Cliff C.. Orexin 2 receptor stimulation enhances resilience, while orexin 2 inhibition promotes susceptibility, to social stress, anxiety and depression, 79-94. Vol. 143 Vermillion: Neuropharmacology, 2018. (DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.016)
• Summers, Tangi T., Summers, Torrie T., Carpenter, Russ R., Smith, Justin J., Young, Samuel S., Meyerink, Brandon B., Orr, T. T., Arendt, David D., and Summers, Cliff C.. Learning and CRF-induced indecision during escape and submission in rainbow trout during socially aggressive interactions in the Stress-Alternatives Model, 1-13. Vol. 11, Iss. 515 Lausanne: Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2017. (DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00515)
• Robertson, James J., Achua, Justin J., Smith, Justin J., Prince, Melissa M., Staton, Clarissa C., Ronan, Patrick, Summers, Tangi T., and Summers, Cliff C.. Anxious behavior induces elevated hippocampal Cb2 receptor gene expression, 273-284. Vol. 352 Neuroscience, 2017. (DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.061)
• Pearson, Brandon B., Crawley, Jacqueline J., Eilam, David, Pentkowski, Nathan N., and Summers, Cliff C.. Curiosity as an approach to ethoexperimental analysis: Behavioral neuroscience as seen by students and colleagues of Bob Blanchard, 415-422. Vol. 76, Iss. 2017 Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.012)
• Robertson, J. J., Achua, J. J., Smith, J. J., Prince, M. M., Staton, C. C., Ronan, Patrick, Summers, T. T., and Summers, Cliff. Anxious behavior induces elevated hippocampal Cb2 receptor gene expression, 273-284. Vol. 352 Neuroscience, 2017. (DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.061)
• Keifer, Joyce, and Summers, Cliff C.. Putting the “Biology” Back into “Neurobiology”: The Strength of Diversity in Animal Model Systems for Neuroscience Research, 1-9. Vol. 10, Iss. 69 Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 2016.
• Smith, Justin J., Prince, Melissa M., Achua, Justin J., Robertson, James J., Anderson, Raymond R., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff C.. Intensity of Anxiety is modified via complex integrative stress circuitries, 351-361. Vol. 63 Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2016.
• Smith, J. J., Prince, M. M., Achua, J. J., Robertson, J. J., Anderson, Rachael, Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff. Intensity of anxiety is modified via complex integrative stress circuitries, 351-61. Vol. 63 Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2016. (DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.016)
• Waters, R R., Rivalan, Marion , Bangasser, Debra D., Deussing, Jan, Ising, Marcus, Wood, Susan S., and Summers, Cliff C.. Evidence for the role of corticotropin-releasing-factor in major depressive disorder, 63-78. Vol. 58 Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2015.
• Robertson, James J., Prince, Melissa M., Achua, Justin J., Carpenter, Russ R., Arendt, David D., Smith, Justin J., Summers, Torrie T., Summers, Tangi T., and Summers, Cliff C.. Nuance and behavioral cogency: How the Visible Burrow System inspired the Stress-Alternatives Model and conceptualization of the continuum of anxiety, 86-97. Vol. 146 Physiology and Behavior, 2015.
• Smith, Justin J., Achua, Justin J., Summers, Tangi T., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff C.. Neuropeptide S and BDNF gene expression in the amygdala are influenced by decision making under stress. In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Special edition: Decision-making under stress: the importance of cortico-limbic circuits, 1-13. Vol. 8, Iss. Article 121 Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2014. (DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00121)
• Arendt, David D., Hassell, James, Li, Hao, Achua, Justin J., Guarnieri, Douglas D., DiLeone, Ralph R., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff. Anxiolytic function of the orexin 2/hypocretin A receptor in the basolateral amygdala, 17—26. Vol. 40 Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2014. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.10.010)
• Arendt, D. D., Hassell, J., Li, H., Achua, J. J., Guarnieri, D. D., Dileone, R. R., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff. Anxiolytic function of the orexin 2/hypocretin A receptor in the basolateral amygdala, 17-26. Vol. 40 Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2014. (DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.10.010)
• Smith, J. J., Achua, J. J., Summers, T. T., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff. Neuropeptide S and BDNF gene expression in the amygdala are influenced by social decision-making under stress, 121. Vol. 8 Front Behav Neurosci, 2014. (DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00121)
• Ricci, Lesley, Summers, Cliff, Larson, Earl E., O'Malley, Donald, and Melloni, Richard R.. Development of aggressive phenotypes: Interactions of age, experience, and social status, 245-252 . Vol. 86 Animal Behaviour, 2013. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.04.011)
• Blanchard, D D., Summers, Cliff, and Blanchard, Robert R.. The role of behavior in translational models for psychopathology: Functionality and dysfunctional behaviors, 1567-1577. Vol. 37 Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 2013. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.06.008)
• Arendt, David D., Ronan, Patrick, Oliver, Kevin K., Callahan, Leah L., Summers, Tangi T., and Summers, Cliff. Depressive behavior and activation of the orexin/hypocretin system, 86-94. Vol. 127 Behavioral Neuroscience, 2013. (DOI: 10.1037/a0031442)
• Arendt, D. D., Ronan, Patrick, Oliver, K. K., Callahan, L. L., Summers, T. T., and Summers, Cliff. Depressive behavior and activation of the orexin/hypocretin system, 86-94. Vol. 127, Iss. 1 Behav Neurosci, 2013. (DOI: 10.1037/a0031442)
• Arendt, David D., Smith, Justin J., Bastida, Christel C., Prasad, Maneeshi, Oliver, Kevin K., Eyster, Kathleen, Summers, Tangi T., Delville, Yvon, and Summers, Cliff. Contrasting hippocampal and amygdalar expression of genes related to neural plasticity during escape from social aggression, 670-679 . Vol. 107 Physiology and Behavior, 2012.
• Sørensen, Christina, Nilsson, Göran G., Summers, Cliff, and Øverli, Øyvind. Social stress reduces forebrain cell proliferation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 311–318 . Vol. 227 Behavioural Brain Research, 2012.
• Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff. Molecular signaling and translational significance of the corticotropin releasing factor system, 235-92. Vol. 98 Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 2011. (DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385506-0.00006-5)
• Tokarz, Richard R., and Summers, Cliff. Stress and Reproduction in Reptiles In Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates. In Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates: Reptiles, editors DO Norris, KH Lopez, 169 - 213. Vol. 3 San Diego, CA: Elsevier, 2011.
• Ronan, P P., and Summers, Cliff. Molecular signaling and translational significance of the corticotropin releasing factor system . In Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, editors S Rahman, 235 - 292. Vol. 98 The Brain as a Drug Target Burlington, VT: Academic Press, 2011.
• Clotfelter , Ethan, McNitt, M M., Carpenter, Russ R., and Summers, Cliff. Modulation of monoamine neurotransmitters in fighting fish Betta splendens exposed to waterborne phytoestrogens, 933–943. Vol. 36, Iss. published online Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2010. (DOI: 10.1007/s10695-009-9370-2)
• Ling, Travis T., Summers, Cliff, Renner, Kenneth, and Watt, Michael. Opponent recognition and social status differentiate rapid neuroendocrine responses to social challenge, 571-578. Vol. 99 Physiol Behav, 2010.
• Waters, R R., Renner, Kenneth, Summers, Cliff, Watt, Michael, Forster, Gina, Koch, L L., Britten, S S., and Swallow, John. Selection for intrinsic endurance modifies endocrine stress responsiveness , 53 - 61. Vol. 1357 Brain Research, 2010.
• Carpenter, Russ R., Sabirzhanov, Boris, Clark, Timothy T., and Summers, Cliff. Oncorhynchus mykiss brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, partial coding sequences; bases 1-747 , GU108576.1 . GenBank/National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine , 2009.
• Carpenter, Russ R., Sabirzhanov, Boris, Clark, Timothy T., and Summers, Cliff. Oncorhynchus mykiss Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA, partial coding sequences; bases 1-747 , GU108575.1 . GenBank/National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine , 2009.
• Carpenter, Russ R., Sabirzhanov, Boris, Clark, Timothy T., and Summers, Cliff. Oncorhynchus mykiss α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluR1 subunit (GluR1) mRNA, partial coding sequences; bases 1-747 , GU108574.1 . GenBank/National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine , 2009.
• Carpenter, Russ R., Sabirzhanov, Boris, Clark, Timothy T., and Summers, Cliff. Oncorhynchus mykiss α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluR2b subunit (GluR2b) mRNA, partial coding sequences; bases 1-747 , GU108573.1 . GenBank/National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine , 2009.
• Ling, T T., Watt, Michael, Forster, Gina, Korzan, W W., Renner, Kenneth, and Summers, Cliff. Social status differentiates rapid neuroendocrine responses to restraint stress, 218-232. Vol. 96 Physiology and Behavior, 2009.
• Carpenter, R R., Korzan, W W., Bockholt, C, Watt, Michael, Forster, Gina, Renner, Kenneth, and Summers, Cliff. Corticotropin releasing factor influences aggression and monoamines:, 412-425. Vol. 158 Neuroscience, 2009.
• Carpenter, R R., Korzan, W W., Bockholt, C, Watt, M M., Forster, G G., Renner, K K., and Summers, Cliff. Corticotropin releasing factor influences aggression and monoamines: Modulation of attacks and retreats, 412–425. Vol. 158 Neuroscience , 2009.
• Lukkes, J J., Summers, Cliff, Scholl, J J., Renner, K K., and Forster, G G.. Early life social isolation alters corticotropin-releasing factor responses in adult rats, 845–855. Vol. 158 Neuroscience, 2009.
• Lowry, C C., Hale, M M., Plant, A, Windle, R R., Shanks, N, Woods, S S., Renner, Kenneth, Lightman, S S., and Summers, Cliff. Fluoxetine inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-induced behavioral activation: evidence for convergent actions on an emotional motor system, 225-239. Vol. 12 Stress, 2009.
• Lowry, C C., Hale, M M., Plant, A, Windle, R R., Shanks, N, Wood, S S., Ingram, C C., Renner, K K., Lightman, S, and Summers, Cliff. Fluoxetine inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-induced behavioural responses in rats, 225-239. Vol. 12 Stress, 2009.
• Carpenter, R R., and Summers, Cliff. Learning strategies during fear conditioning, 415-423. Vol. 91 Neurobiol Learn Mem, 2009.
• Shaw, J J., Korzan, W W., Carpenter, R R., Kuris, A A., Lafferty, K K., Summers, Cliff, and Øverli, Ø. Parasite manipulation of brain monoamines in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) by the trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis, 1137-1146. Vol. 276 Proc R Soc B, 2009.
• Lorenzi, V, Carpenter, R R., Summers, Cliff, Earley, R R., and Grober, M M.. Serotonin, social status and sex change in the bluebanded goby Lythrypnus dalli, 476–483. Vol. 97 Physiol Behav, 2009.
• Ling, T T., Forster, G G., Watt, M M., Korzan, W W., Renner, K K., and Summers, Cliff. Social status differentiates rapid neuroendocrine responses to restraint stress, 218-232. Vol. 96 Physiol Behav, 2009.
• Forster, Gina, Pringle, Ronald R., Mouw, Nicholas N., Vuong, Sean S., Watt, Michael, Burke, Andrew A., Lowry, Christopher C., Summers, Cliff, and Renner, Kenneth. Corticotrophin-releasing factor in the dorsal raphe increases medial prefrontal cortical serotonin via type 2 receptors and median raphé activity, 299-310. Vol. 28 European Journal of Neuroscience, 2008.
• Lukkes, Jodi J., Forster, Gina G., Renner, Kenneth K., and Summers, Cliff. Corticotropin-releasing factor 1 and 2 receptors in the dorsal raphé differentially affect serotonin release in the nucleus accumbens, 185-193. Vol. 578
• Waters, R. R., Renner, Kenneth, Pringle, R. R., Summers, Cliff, Britton, S. S., Koch, L. L., and Swallow, John. Selection for aerobic capacity affects corticosterone, monoamines and wheel-running activity, 1044-1054. Vol. 93 Physiology & Behavior, 2008.
• Ronan, Patrick, Gaikowski, Mark M., Hamilton, Stephan S., Buhl, Kevin K., and Summers, Cliff. Ammonia causes decreased brain monoamines in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), 184-191. Vol. 1147 Brain Research, 2007.
• Ronan, Patrick, Gaikowski, M. M., Hamilton, S. S., Buhl, K. K., and Summers, Cliff. Ammonia causes decreased brain monoamines in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), 184-91. Vol. 1147 Brain Res, 2007. (DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.015)
• Korzan, Wayne W., and Summers, Cliff. Behavioral diversity and neurochemical plasticity: Selection of stress coping strategies that define social status, 257-266. Vol. 70 Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 2007.
• Carpenter, Russ R., Watt, Michael, Forster, Gina, Øverli, Øyvind, Bockholt, Craig, Renner, Kenneth, and Summers, Cliff. Corticotropin releasing factor induces anxiogenic locomotion in trout and alters serotonergic and dopaminergic activity, 600-611. Vol. 52 Hormones and Behavior, 2007.
• Øverli , Øyvind, Sørensen, Christina, Pulman, Kim K., Pottinger, Thomas T., Korzan, Wayne W., Summers, Cliff, and Nilsson, Göran. Evolution of stress coping styles: Relationships between physiological, behavioural and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates, 396-412. Vol. 31 Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 2007.
• Korzan, Wayne W., Höglund, Erik, Watt, Michael, Forster, Gina, Øverli, Øyvind, Lukkes, Jodi J., and Summers, Cliff. Memory of opponents is more potent than visual sign stimuli after social hierarchy has been established, 31-42. Vol. 183 Behavioural Brain Research, 2007.
• Anderson, William, and Summers, Cliff. Neuroendocrine mechanisms, stress coping strategies, and social dominance: Comparative lessons about leadership potential, 102-130. Vol. 614 Annals American Academy of Political and Social Sciences , 2007.
• Clotfelter , Ethan, O"Hare, E E., McNitt, M M., Carpenter, Russ R., and Summers, Cliff. Pharmacological manipulation of the serotonergic system affects aggressive behavior and brain monoamine levels in the fighting fish Betta splendens, 222-231. Vol. 87 Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , 2007.
• Watt, Michael, Forster, Gina, Korzan, Wayne W., Renner, Kenneth, and Summers, Cliff. Rapid neuroendocrine responses evoked at the onset of social challenge, 567-575. Vol. 90 Physiology and Behavior, 2007.
• Sørensen , Christina, Øverli, Øyvind, Summers, Cliff, and Nilsson , Göran. Social regulation of neurogenesis in teleosts, 239-246. Vol. 70 Brain,Behavior and Evolution, 2007.
• Forster, Gina, Feng, Na, Watt, Michael, Korzan, Wayne W., Mouw, Nicholas N., Summers, Cliff, and Renner, Kenneth. Corticotropin-releasing factor in the dorsal raphe elicits temporally distinct serotonergic responses in the limbic system , 1047-1055. Vol. 141 Neuroscience , 2006.
• Korzan, Wayne W., Øverli, Øyvind, and Summers, Cliff. Future social rank: Forecasting status in the green anole (Anolis carolinensis), 48-57. Vol. 9 Acta Ethologica, 2006.
• Summers, Cliff, and Winberg, Svante. Interactions between the neural regulation of stress and aggression, 4581 - 4589. Vol. 209 Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006.
• Jones, Richard R., Lopez, Kristin K., Austin, Harriet H., Orlicky, David D., and Summers, Cliff. Uterine motility in the reptile Anolis carolinensis: Interactive effects of tension, prostaglandins, calcium and vasotocin, 1030 - 1040. Vol. 305A Journal of Experimental Zoology, 2006.
• Summers, Cliff, Korzan, W. W., Lukkes, J. J., Watt, Michael, Forster, Gina, Overli, O., Hoglund, E., Larson, Earl, Ronan, Patrick, Matter, J. J., Summers, T. T., Renner, Kenneth, and Greenberg, N.. Does serotonin influence aggression? comparing regional activity before and during social interaction, 679-94. Vol. 78, Iss. 5 Physiol Biochem Zool, 2005. (DOI: 10.1086/432139)
• Summers, Cliff, Forster, Gina, Korzan, W. W., Watt, Michael, Larson, Earl, Overli, O., Hoglund, E., Ronan, Patrick, Summers, T. T., Renner, Kenneth, and Greenberg, N.. Dynamics and mechanics of social rank reversal, 241-52. Vol. 191, Iss. 3 J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol, 2005. (DOI: 10.1007/s00359-004-0554-z)
• Ten Eyck, G. G., Ronan, Patrick, Renner, Kenneth, and Summers, Cliff. Serotonin metabolism in directly developing frog embryos during paternal care, 100-5. Vol. 388, Iss. 2 Neurosci Lett, 2005. (DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.039)
• Waters, R. R., Emerson, A. A., Watt, Michael, Forster, Gina, Swallow, John, and Summers, Cliff. Stress induces rapid changes in central catecholaminergic activity in Anolis carolinensis: Restraint and forced physical activity. , 210-218. Vol. 67 Brain Research Bulletin, 2005.
• Summers, Cliff, Kampshoff, J. J., Ronan, Patrick, Lowry, C. C., Prestbo, A. A., Korzan, W. W., and Renner, Kenneth. Monoaminergic activity in subregions of raphe nuclei elicited by prior stress and the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor, 1122-33. Vol. 15, Iss. 12 J Neuroendocrinol, 2003. (DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2003.01108.x)
• Summers, T. T., Matter, J. J., McKay, J. J., Ronan, Patrick, Larson, Earl, Renner, Kenneth, and Summers, Cliff. Rapid glucocorticoid stimulation and GABAergic inhibition of hippocampal serotonergic response: in vivo dialysis in the lizard anolis carolinensis, 245-53. Vol. 43, Iss. 1 Horm Behav, 2003. (DOI: 10.1016/s0018-506x(02)00014-4)
• Summers, Cliff, Summers, T. T., Moore, M. M., Korzan, W. W., Woodley, S. S., Ronan, Patrick, Hoglund, E., Watt, Michael, and Greenberg, N.. Temporal patterns of limbic monoamine and plasma corticosterone response during social stress, 553-63. Vol. 116, Iss. 2 Neuroscience, 2003. (DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00708-x)
• Korzan, W. W., Summers, T. T., Ronan, Patrick, Renner, Kenneth, and Summers, Cliff. The role of monoaminergic nuclei during aggression and sympathetic social signaling, 317-27. Vol. 57, Iss. 6 Brain Behav Evol, 2001. (DOI: 10.1159/000047250)
• Summers, Cliff, Larson, Earl, Ronan, Patrick, Hofmann, P. P., Emerson, A. A., and Renner, Kenneth. Serotonergic responses to corticosterone and testosterone in the limbic system, 151-9. Vol. 117, Iss. 1 Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2000. (DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1999.7408)
• Emerson, A. A., Kappenman, D. D., Ronan, Patrick, Renner, Kenneth, and Summers, Cliff. Stress induces rapid changes in serotonergic activity: restraint and exertion, 83-92. Vol. 111, Iss. 1-2 Behav Brain Res, 2000. (DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00143-1)
• Korzan, W. W., Summers, T. T., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff. Visible sympathetic activity as a social signal in Anolis carolinensis: changes in aggression and plasma catecholamines, 193-9. Vol. 38, Iss. 3 Horm Behav, 2000. (DOI: 10.1006/hbeh.2000.1619)
• Matter, J. J., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff. Central monoamines in free-ranging lizards: differences associated with social roles and territoriality, 23-32. Vol. 51, Iss. 1 Brain Behav Evol, 1998. (DOI: 10.1159/000006526)
• Deckel, A. A., Lillaney, R., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff. Lateralized effects of ethanol on aggression and serotonergic systems in Anolis carolinensis, 38-46. Vol. 807, Iss. 1-2 Brain Res, 1998. (DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00718-5)
• Summers, Cliff, Austin, Harriet H., and Jones, Richard R.. Induction of oviposition in cycling Anolis carolinensis requires a -adrenoreceptor blocker and a high dosage of AVT. , 389-392. Vol. 57 General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1985.
• Jones, Richard R., and Summers, Cliff. Compensatory follicular hypertrophy during the ovarian cycle of the house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus., 59-65. Vol. 209 Anatomical Record, 1984.
• Summers, Cliff. Compensatory testicular hypertrophy in the lizard Anolis carolinensis, 101-107. Vol. 231 Journal of Experimental Zoology, 1984.
• Jones, Richard R., Austin, Harriet H., and Summers, Cliff. Spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the ovarian follicular wall of a lizard (Anolis carolinensis), 252-257. Vol. 56 General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1984.
• Jones, Richard R., Summers, Cliff, and Lopez, Kristin K.. Adrenergic inhibition of uterine contractions and oviposition in the lizard Anolis carolinensis, 77-83. Vol. 51 General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1983.
• Jones, Richard R., Summers, Cliff, Austin, Harriet H., Smith, Hobart H., and Gleeson, Todd T.. Ovarian, oviductal, and adrenal vascular connections in female lizards (genus Anolis), 247-255. Vol. 206 Anatomical Record, 1983.
• Jones, Richard R., Guillette, Louis L., Summers, Cliff, Tokarz, Richard R., and Crews, David. The relationship among ovarian condition, steroid horomones, and estrous behavior in Anolis carolinensis, 145-154. Vol. 227 Journal of Experimental Zoology, 1983.
• Korzan, Wayne W., and Summers, Cliff C.. Stress and Reproduction in Reptiles In Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates. In Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates: Reptiles, editors DO Norris, KH Lopez. Vol. 3 San Diego, CA: Elsevier.

• Harrington Lecture, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Dakota, 2021
• President's Award for Excellence in Research - Established Faculty, University of South Dakota, 2021
• Nolop Distinguished Professor, University of South Dakota, 2020
• Keith Bradley Nolop Professor, University of South Dakota, 2019
• 100 peer-reviewed publications, 2013
• Fellow, International Behavioral Neuroscience Society, 2013
• Belbas-Larson Award for Excellence in Teaching , University of South Dakota, 2012
• Belbas-Larson Award for Excellence in Teaching , University of South Dakota, 1995
• Full Membership, Sigma Xi - The Scientific Research Society, 1982
• Honors in Natural Resources - Wildlife Biology, Xi Sigma Pi - Omicron Chapter Colorado State University, 1977

• Yaeger, Jazmine D., Staton, Clarissa D., Krupp, Kevin T., Summers, Tangi R., and Summers, Cliff H., Anxious phenotypes: Prior experience and orexin 2 (Orx2) receptor activation lead to social stress resilience. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 48th annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. (November 07, 2018)
• Krupp, Kevin T., Yaeger, Jazmine D., Jones, Nathan T., Staton, Clarissa D., Summers, Tangi R., Newton, Samuel S., and Summers, Cliff H., Carbamoylated erythropoietin (cEPo) reduces anxiety during social interaction in the stress-alternatives model. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 48th annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. (November 07, 2018)
• Yaeger, Jazmine D., Staton, Clarissa D., Sathyanesan, Samuel, and Summers, Cliff H., Prior experience, an orexin 2 receptor agonist, and cEPo promote anxiolytic behaviors. Presented at the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society 27th annual meeting, Boca Raton, FL. (June 29, 2018)
• Staton, Clarissa D., Yaeger, Jazmine D., Haroun, Fadi, Khalid, Delan D., Seidel, Tyler C., Summers, Tangi R., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff H., Anxiolytic effects of orexin 2 receptors during social interaction . Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 47th annual Meeting, Washington DC. (November 2017)
• Ronan, Patrick, Skog, Timothy, Brudvig, John J., Callahan, Leah B., and Summers, Cliff H., Topographical organization of perifornical orexin neurons; Implications for stress-induced disorders. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 46th annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. (November 2016)
• Prince, Melissa A., Achua, Justin K., Smith, Justin P., Robertson, James M., Ronan, Patrick, Summers, Tangi R., and Summers, Cliff H., Decision-making during social interaction in mice is not driven by aggression, but is related to ventral dentate gyrus expression of orexin receptors. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 45th annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. (October 2015)
• Robertson, James M., Achua, Justin K., Smith, Justin P., Prince, Melissa A., Summers, Tangi R., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff H., Endocannabinoid receptor CB2 gene expression in hippocampus reflects modulation of anxious behavior. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 45th annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. (October 2015)
• Summers, Tangi R., Achua, Justin K., Smith, Justin P., Prince, Melissa A., Robertson, James M., and Summers, Cliff H., Exercise modifies orexin receptor, BDNF, and TrKB receptor gene expression during social stress: Ventral versus dorsal hippocampal regions . Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 45th annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. (October 2015)
• Prince, Melissa A., Robertson, James M., Smith, Justin P., Summers, Tangi R., and Summers, Cliff H., Behavioral Nuance in a Novel Animal Model (SAM) Reveals a Gradient of Anxiety. Presented at the 2015 CBBRe Symposium, Vermillion, SD. (August 19, 2015)
• Summers, Cliff H., and Pearson, Brandon L., Symposium: with 7 Internationally renowned speakers. Presented at the Behavioral Neuroscience through the eyes of those Bob Blanchard influenced, Victoria, BC. (June 07, 2015)
• Ten Eyck, Gary R., Regen, Elizabeth M., Korzan, Wayne K., Calibuso-Salazar, M J., Vonnahme, J D., and Summers, Cliff H., Central monoaminergic distinction between male behavioral modes in a paternal frog. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 44th annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (November 17, 2014)
• Robertson, James M., Smith, Justin P., Achua, Justin K., Prince, Melissa A., Summers, Tangi R., Ronan, Patrick J., and Summers, Cliff H., Decision-making across a gradient of anxiety differentially influences central amygdala NPS and BDNF gene expression. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 44th annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (November 17, 2014)
• Prince, Melissa A., Smith, Justin P., Robertson, James M., Achua, Justin K., Anderson, Raymond T., Donohoe, Connor, Summers, Tangi R., Ronan, Patrick J., and Summers, Cliff H., Winning repeated aggression stimulates protracted AVP and NPS gene expression as well as anxious behavior . Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 44th annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (November 17, 2014)
• Achua, Justin K., Callahan, L B., Brudvig, John J., Summers, Cliff H., and Ronan, Patrick J., Cross-talk between orexin/hypocretin and corticotropin releasing factor systems: a combined retrograde tracer immunohistochemical study. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 44th annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (November 15, 2014)
• Summers, Cliff H., Orexin and Neuropeptide S in Anxiety and Depression. Presented at the 2014 CBBRe Symposium, Vermillion, SD. (August 21, 2014)
• Summers, Cliff H., and Waters, R P., Symposium: with 4 Internationally renowned speakers. Presented at the The Role of CRF and CRF Receptor Expression in the Progression and Pathology of Major Depressive Disorder, Las Vegas, NV. (June 12, 2014)
• Arendt, David H., Hassell, James, Li, Hao, Achua, Justin K., Guarnieri, Douglas J., DiLeone, Ralph J., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff, An anxiolytic role for the orexin 2/hypocretin A receptor in the basolateral amygdala. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 43nd annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. (November 13, 2013)
• Smith, Justin P., Achua, Justin K., Callahan, Leah B., Ronan, Patrick, Summers, Tangi R., and Summers, Cliff, Patterns of neural and behavioral change during subsequent novel aggression. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 43nd annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. (November 13, 2013)
• Arendt, David H., Oliver, Kevin D., Goetz, Renita A., Callahan, Leah B., Summers, Tangi R., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff, Mapping orexin/hypocretin signaling in depression. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 42nd annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. (October 17, 2012)
• Smith, Justin P., Ronan, Patrick, Summers, Tangi R., and Summers, Cliff, Amygdalar gene expression following stressful social decision making. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 42nd annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. (October 16, 2012)
• Arendt, David H., Kalkman, K L., Callahan, Leah B., Summers, Cliff, and Ronan, Patrick, Evidence for cross-talk between corticotropin releasing factor and orexin/hypocretin systems. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 42nd annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. (October 16, 2012)
• Smith, Justin P., Arendt, David H., Bastida, Christel C., Delville, Yvon, and Summers, Cliff, Amygdala vs hippocampus: inverse relationships in plasticity during social escape in hamsters. Presented at the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology 16th annual Meeting, Madison WI. (June 17, 2012)
• Summers, Cliff, Choices in Social Adaptation to Aggression: Neuromodulatory Mechanisms in Decision Making. Presented at the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society 21st annual meeting - Symposium on: Aggression, neuromodulation, and social adaptation: Lessons from multiple animal models, Kailua-Kona, HI. (June 08, 2012)
• Arendt, David H., Oliver, Kevin D., and Summers, Cliff, Local orexinergic activation and the influence on the forced swim test. Presented at the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society 21st annual meeting, Kailua-Kona, HI. (June 06, 2012)
• Summers, Tangi R., Rasmussen, Torrie L., Carpenter, Russ E., Smith, Justin P., Arendt, David H., and Summers, Cliff, Plasticity resulting from aggression-induced social choice in Rainbow trout. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 41st annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (November 16, 2011)
• Smith, Justin P., Arendt, David H., Bastida, Christel C., Summers, Tangi R., Delville, Yvon, and Summers, Cliff, Amygdala vs hippocampus: Inverse relationships in plasticity during social escape in hamsters . Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 41st annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (November 13, 2011)
• Arendt, David H., Smith, Justin P., Rasmussen, Torrie L., Callahan, Leah B., Tschetter, Kristi E., Oliver, Kevin, Summers, Tangi R., Ronan, Patrick, and Summers, Cliff, Forced swim test affects orexinergic activity in the lateral hypothalamus . Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 41st annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (November 13, 2011)
• Smith, Justin P., Arendt, David H., Bastida, Christel C., Rasmussen, Torrie L., Summers, Tangi R., Delville, Yvon, and Summers, Cliff, Anxiety is alleviated by escape from social aggression in hamsters. Presented at the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society 20th annual Meeting, Steamboat Springs, CO. (May 27, 2011)
• Arendt, David H., Smith, Justin P., Bastida, Christel C., Prasad, Maneeshi, Rasmussen, Torrie L., Summers, Tangi R., Delville, Yvon, and Summers, Cliff, Hippocampal gene expression during escape from social aggression in hamsters. Presented at the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society 20th annual Meeting, Steamboat Springs, CO. (May 27, 2011)
• Rasmussen, Torrie L., Summers, Tangi R., Carpenter, Russ E., Smith, Justin P., Arendt, David H., and Summers, Cliff, Social decision making drives behavioral and neural plasticity during learned escape . Presented at the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society 20th annual Meeting, Steamboat Springs, CO. (May 27, 2011)
• Arendt, David H., Smith, Justin P., Bastida, Christel C., Prasad, Maneeshi, Rasmussen, Torrie L., Oliver, Kevin, Carpenter, Russ E., Eyster, Kathleen, Summers, Tangi R., Delville, Yvon, and Summers, Cliff, BDNF and escape from social aggression in hamsters . Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 40th annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. (November 15, 2010)
• Summers, Cliff, Øverli, Øyvind, Sørensen, Christina, and Nilsson, Goran E., Sex-related differences in aggressive behavior and stress-coping in rainbow trout. Presented at the 9th Internat Cong Biol Fish, Barcelona, Spain. (July 05, 2010)
• Summers, Cliff, Social Stress, Learning and Choice. Presented at the Social modulation of hormones, brain and behaviour: integrating mechanisms and function, Lisbon, Portugal. (June 05, 2009)
• Summers, Cliff, Center for Neural Mechanisms of Adaptive Behavior., Pierre SD. (January 06, 2009)